{"id":279,"date":"2026-06-28T16:01:15","date_gmt":"2026-06-28T16:01:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kiwixlabs.com\/?p=279"},"modified":"2026-06-28T16:01:17","modified_gmt":"2026-06-28T16:01:17","slug":"cong-bang-randomness-va-oracles-vi-sao-rng-onchain-van-con-kho","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kiwixlabs.com\/vi\/cong-bang-randomness-va-oracles-vi-sao-rng-onchain-van-con-kho\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, Randomness v\u00e0 Oracles: V\u00ec sao RNG Onchain v\u1eabn c\u00f2n kh\u00f3"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng onchain ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o randomness:&nbsp;x\u1ed5 s\u1ed1,&nbsp;game,&nbsp;NFT minting,&nbsp;ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng,&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea5u gi\u00e1 treasury v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m governance.&nbsp;Tuy nhi\u00ean,&nbsp;randomness tr\u00ean blockchain l\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u.&nbsp;Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng,&nbsp;smart contract kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0&nbsp;<code>Math.random()<\/code>&nbsp;r\u1ed3i tin v\u00e0o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.&nbsp;M\u1ed7i node trong m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t execution,&nbsp;\u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn randomness th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ebfm v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 v\u1ee1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o randomness onchain,&nbsp;c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m \u0111ang d\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7n nay,&nbsp;v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 Solidity ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. V\u00ec sao Randomness onchain l\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eady<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac:&nbsp;blockchain \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo ki\u1ec3u deterministic.&nbsp;N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t contract y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean,&nbsp;m\u1ecdi validator ho\u1eb7c node cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1ec1 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.&nbsp;\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 duy nh\u1ea5t,&nbsp;v\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch phi t\u1eadp trung m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m l\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra ba th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 randomness ri\u00eang t\u01b0 native<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>M\u1ed9t blockchain kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n entropy t\u1eeb CPU c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 consensus.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra b\u00ean trong contract \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1edfi m\u1ea1ng n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c input \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>R\u1ee7i ro MEV v\u00e0 thao t\u00fang<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Miners, validators ho\u1eb7c block builders c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 giao d\u1ecbch.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u00ean v\u1ecb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 giao d\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c quan s\u00e1t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111ang ch\u1edd x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 liveness<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p randomness.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng phi t\u1eadp trung, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c tradeoff v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5, chi ph\u00ed ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao&nbsp;\u201crandomness\u201d&nbsp;th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n b\u1ecb xem nh\u1eb9 nh\u1ea5t trong m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf onchain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. C\u00e1c c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m \u0111ang d\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7n nay<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A. Commit-Reveal Schemes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu c\u0169 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 commit-reveal.&nbsp;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean cam k\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00ed m\u1eadt,&nbsp;sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 n\u00f3.&nbsp;Contract ki\u1ec3m tra xem vi\u1ec7c reveal c\u00f3 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi commitment hay kh\u00f4ng,&nbsp;v\u00e0 randomness cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy ra t\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec sao n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>D\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t cho game v\u00e0 c\u00e1c protocol \u0111a b\u00ean.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n oracle b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec sao n\u00f3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf cu\u1ed9c sau khi th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c reveal.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi reveal cu\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00e9o m\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N\u00f3 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb griefing v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y h\u1eefu \u00edch cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng,&nbsp;nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 cho randomness c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao ho\u1eb7c production-grade.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B. Verifiable Random Functions (VRFs)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Verifiable Random Function.&nbsp;VRF t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra gi\u1ea3 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng m\u1eadt m\u00e3 m\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea7u ra kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi provider reveal n\u00f3,&nbsp;nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng oracle hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng,&nbsp;bao g\u1ed3m Chainlink VRF v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec sao c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m th\u00edch n\u00f3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1eadt m\u00e3 m\u1ea1nh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kh\u00e1ng thao t\u00fang t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o randomness tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean chu\u1ed7i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u1ec5 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o smart contract.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tradeoffs:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>V\u1eabn ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t provider ho\u1eb7c committee b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u1ea1o th\u00eam chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i tin v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a provider.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C. Distributed Randomness Beacons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 randomness beacon ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n,&nbsp;trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u00f9ng nhau t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean.&nbsp;C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 drand d\u00f9ng threshold cryptography \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng random public li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec sao n\u00f3 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00ean n\u00e0o ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh phi t\u1eadp trung m\u1ea1nh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi randomness d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean oracle m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tradeoffs:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng cao h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p d\u00f9ng ri\u00eang l\u1ebb.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 liveness v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a committee.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D. Threshold Signatures v\u00e0 MPC-Based Randomness<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 protocol,&nbsp;randomness \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng threshold signature ho\u1eb7c MPC.&nbsp;Nhi\u1ec1u b\u00ean c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n randomness,&nbsp;v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o khi \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ed1 b\u00ean tham gia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c permissioned,&nbsp;n\u01a1i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean tham gia \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u201cRandomness t\u1ed1t\u201d th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a g\u00ec<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i,&nbsp;m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 randomness ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o theo ngh\u0129a to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc.&nbsp;N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf gi\u1eefa:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n<\/strong>\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi reveal.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng thi\u00ean v\u1ecb<\/strong>\u00a0sau khi t\u1ea1o.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng<\/strong>\u00a0cho c\u00e1c b\u00ean d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfp.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Liveness<\/strong>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00ean ngo\u1ea1i tuy\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed<\/strong>\u00a0\u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng tr\u00ean chu\u1ed7i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf,&nbsp;c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 Solidity ng\u1eafn: Randomness d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean VRF<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3n minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t contract consumer VRF.&nbsp;M\u1eabu n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nhau tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u provider oracle:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u randomness.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nh\u1eadn callback v\u1edbi c\u00e1c random words.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u00f9ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 trong logic \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><code>\/\/ SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT<br>pragma solidity ^0.8.20;<br><br>import \"@chainlink\/contracts\/src\/v0.8\/interfaces\/VRFCoordinatorV2Interface.sol\";<br>import \"@chainlink\/contracts\/src\/v0.8\/VRFConsumerBaseV2.sol\";<br><br>contract FairDraw is VRFConsumerBaseV2 {<br>    VRFCoordinatorV2Interface private immutable COORDINATOR;<br><br>    uint64 private immutable subscriptionId;<br>    bytes32 private immutable keyHash;<br><br>    uint256 public requestId;<br>    uint256 public randomValue;<br><br>    event RandomRequested(uint256 indexed requestId, address requester);<br>    event RandomFulfilled(uint256 indexed requestId, uint256 value);<br><br>    constructor(address coordinator, uint64 _subscriptionId, bytes32 _keyHash)<br>        VRFConsumerBaseV2(coordinator)<br>    {<br>        COORDINATOR = VRFCoordinatorV2Interface(coordinator);<br>        subscriptionId = _subscriptionId;<br>        keyHash = _keyHash;<br>    }<br><br>    function requestRandomness() external returns (uint256) {<br>        requestId = COORDINATOR.requestRandomWords(<br>            keyHash,<br>            subscriptionId,<br>            3,      \/\/ request confirmations<br>            100000, \/\/ callback gas limit<br>            1       \/\/ number of random words<br>        );<br><br>        emit RandomRequested(requestId, msg.sender);<br>        return requestId;<br>    }<br><br>    function fulfillRandomWords(uint256 _requestId, uint256[] memory _randomWords)<br>        internal<br>        override<br>    {<br>        randomValue = _randomWords[0];<br>        emit RandomFulfilled(_requestId, randomValue);<br>    }<br>}<br><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc request<\/strong>: contract h\u1ecfi randomness t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t coordinator.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc callback<\/strong>: oracle tr\u1ea3 c\u00e1c random words v\u1ec1 contract.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Logic \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>: contract s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t input \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady cho tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1eadt,&nbsp;l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o use case:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Game v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u00edt r\u1ee7i ro<\/strong>: commit-reveal c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee7, d\u00f9 y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/strong>: c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p theo phong c\u00e1ch VRF th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn an to\u00e0n nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c permissioned<\/strong>: threshold signatures ho\u1eb7c MPC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00fang gi\u1eefa ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Infrastructure c\u00f4ng khai<\/strong>: distributed randomness beacons h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn khi phi t\u1eadp trung quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n randomness n\u00e0o l\u00e0&nbsp;\u201c\u0111\u00fang\u201d&nbsp;cho m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p.&nbsp;Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o threat model,&nbsp;ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o l\u1edbp h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Randomness onchain v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt blockchain v\u00ec n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m \u1edf giao \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a consensus,&nbsp;m\u1eadt m\u00e3,&nbsp;kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.&nbsp;C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n&nbsp;\u201cma thu\u1eadt\u201d&nbsp;t\u1ea1o randomness;&nbsp;ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc,&nbsp;kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng thi\u00ean v\u1ecb th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i,&nbsp;h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i ti\u1ebfp theo kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 invent m\u1ed9t primitive randomness m\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u,&nbsp;m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng onchain ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o randomness:&nbsp;x\u1ed5 s\u1ed1,&nbsp;game,&nbsp;NFT minting,&nbsp;ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng,&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea5u gi\u00e1 treasury v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m governance.&nbsp;Tuy nhi\u00ean,&nbsp;randomness tr\u00ean blockchain l\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u.&nbsp;Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng,&nbsp;smart contract kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0&nbsp;Math.random()&nbsp;r\u1ed3i tin v\u00e0o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.&nbsp;M\u1ed7i node trong m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea3i [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[43,40,44,45,33,42,41],"class_list":["post-279","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tin-tuc","tag-blockchain-security","tag-cryptography","tag-oracles","tag-randomness","tag-smart-contracts","tag-vrf","tag-web3-development"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>C\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, Randomness v\u00e0 Oracles: V\u00ec sao RNG Onchain v\u1eabn c\u00f2n kh\u00f3 &#8902; KiwiX Labs KiwiX Labs<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"KiwiX Labs builds next-generation Web3 infrastructure. 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